Basic Linux commands
|
Command |
Description |
|
ls |
Lists all files and directories in the present working directory |
|
ls -R |
Lists files in sub-directories as well |
|
ls -a |
Lists hidden files as well |
|
ls -al |
Lists files and directories with detailed information like permissions,size, owner, etc. |
|
cd or cd ~ |
Navigate to HOME directory |
|
cd .. |
Move one level up |
|
cd |
To change to a particular directory |
|
cd / |
Move to the root directory |
|
cat > filename |
Creates a new file |
|
cat filename |
Displays the file content |
|
cat file1 file2 > file3 |
Joins two files (file1, file2) and stores the output in a new file (file3) |
|
mv file "new file path" |
Moves the files to the new location |
|
mv filename new_file_name |
Renames the file to a new filename |
|
sudo |
Allows regular users to run programs with the security privileges of the superuser or root |
|
rm filename |
Deletes a file |
|
man |
Gives help information on a command |
|
history |
Gives a list of all past commands typed in the current terminal session |
|
clear |
Clears the terminal |
|
mkdir directoryname |
Creates a new directory in the present working directory or a at the specified path |
|
rmdir |
Deletes a directory |
|
mv |
Renames a directory |
|
pr -x |
Divides the file into x columns |
|
pr -h |
Assigns a header to the file |
|
pr -n |
Denotes the file with Line Numbers |
|
lp -nc , lpr c |
Prints “c” copies of the File |
|
lp-d lp-P |
Specifies name of the printer |
|
apt-get |
Command used to install and update packages |
|
mail -s 'subject' |
Command to send email |
|
mail -s "Subject" |
Command to send email with attachment |
File Permission commands
|
Command |
Description |
|
ls -l |
to show file type and access permission |
|
r |
read permission |
|
w |
write permission |
|
x |
execute permission |
|
-= |
no permission |
|
Chown user |
For changing the ownership of a file/directory |
|
Chown user:group filename |
change the user as well as group for a file or directory |
Environment Variables command
|
Command |
Description |
|
echo $VARIABLE |
To display value of a variable |
|
env |
Displays all environment variables |
|
VARIABLE_NAME= variable_value |
Create a new variable |
|
Unset |
Remove a variable |
|
export Variable=value |
To set value of an environment variable |
